#beginner

A module is a single .py file containing Python code. A package is a directory containing multiple modules and an __init__.py file. Packages allow organizing related modules into a hierarchical…

Classification predicts a category (discrete output). Regression predicts a continuous numerical value.

F-strings (formatted string literals) are the modern Python way to embed expressions inside strings using f’text {expression}’. They are faster more readable and less error-prone than % formatting or str.format().

Lists are mutable (changeable); tuples are immutable (fixed). Use tuples for data that should not change.

A neural network is a series of connected layers of mathematical functions (neurons) that transform inputs into outputs. It learns by adjusting the connection weights using backpropagation — computing how…

‘break’ exits the loop entirely. ‘continue’ skips the current iteration and moves to the next. ‘pass’ does nothing — it is a placeholder.

To create a simple line plot in Matplotlib, you can use the plt.plot() function. Basic parameters include x and y coordinates to specify the data points, as well as optional…

Training set is used to fit the model. Validation set is used to tune hyperparameters and select the best model. Test set is held out completely and used only once…